Basics - Lesson 8 - More on Grammar Lesson

-hamnida and -jiman

In Korean, it is possible to add polite endings to verbs, for example, shillye hamnida (excuse me), which is comprised of the verb stem shille ha-, and the verb ending hamnida (note this is the formal style). 
There is also the verb and stem, shillye-jiman(I'm sorry but....) which is a abbreviation of the verb and stemshillye ha-jiman , containing the ending -jiman which means but.

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Asking a person

In Korean, there is a special verb which may be used in the event where you want to ask someone if they are someone.....for example "Are you Mr Han".
We would use -iseyo, and simply add this to the end of a phrase.
Han songsaengnim-iseyo? ( Are you Mr Han?)
Hangungmal songsaengnim-iseyo? (Are you the Korean Teacher?)

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Subjects and topics of Korean sentences

In Korean, we attach -i to the end of nouns which end with consonants, or attach -ga to the end of nouns which end in a vowel. By doing this, it is possible to give emphasis, on subjects in sentences.
For example, songsaenim-i ( teacher ) or maekju-ga (beer) give emphasis on each of these subjects in a sentence.

For a sentence , "The man kissed the dog", the subject in this case would be The man. 

On the other hand, when a subject is mentioned for the first time, the subject particle is used, but later on in a conversation, this is switched back to the topic particle.
The topic particle, is similar to that of the english "As for", and is best used in order to compare two things.
For example, as for me ( na-nun ), I love shopping
as for mum (ma-nun), she hates it.

Basics - Lesson 4 - Grammar Lesson

Korean Names

In general, Korean names consist of 3 syllables.

The first part is the Surname ( such as Kim, Lee and Pak ), it is the followed by a two-syllable first name. In Korean, the surname always comes first which is opposite of Western Names such as Doojin Pak instead of the Korean method of Pak Doojin.
When you are referring to someone who you know well, then you may be able to refer to them directly, such as using their first name. However when youare introduced to someone to whom you are not familiar with, or am meeting for the first time, then you would add -ssi to the end of the name. An example of this would be Doojin-ssi

Making Polite Sentences

With verb stems which end in vowels such a ka-, ha- and sa- , it is possible to make these into polite sentences by adding -yo to the end of the words, such as Kayo ( which means "to go", or "I go" or "he goes" ). Verbs in the polite style can be used as statements, questions, suggestions or commands, and may be further emphasised by the tone of your voice. For example, Chal Chinaessoyo may be both expressed as a question by asking how someone is, or can be a question stating that you are fine. Another example is the more common Annyong Haseyo.

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Basics - Lesson 3 - Use of Consonants and Vowels Lesson

Vowels in the korean languages may be attached to the left, right or beneath each other in order to form a word, the following are examples of their use : -

가 = ka	거 = keo	겨 = kyeo
갸 = kya	기 = ki	고 = ko
바 = pa	버 = peo	부 = pu
뵤 = pyo	지 = chi	저 = cheo
즈 = chu	조 = cho	마 = ma
머 = meo	무 = mo	나 = na
너 = neo	이 = i	야 = ya
디 = ti	고 = ko	댜 = tya
요 = yo	오 = o	도 = to
드 = tu	두 = too	그 = ku

When constructing a word, you must add a mixture of consonants and vowels, beginning with the consonant at the beginning of the word. In some cases, there is no need to use a consonant at the beginning in which case ㅇ (null character) is used.

ㅇ	+	ㅏ			=	아	a
ㄹ	+	ㅡ	+	ㅁ	=	름	rum
ㄱ	+	ㅏ	+	ㅁ	=	감	kam
ㄲ	+	ㅜ	+	ㅇ	=	꿍	kkoong
ㅇ	+	ㅗ	+	ㅅ	=	옷	ot
ㅇ	+	ㅓ	+	ㅂㅅ	=	없	eop
ㄲ	+	ㅗ	+	ㅊ	=	꽃	kkot
ㅎ	+	ㅏ	+	ㄴ	=	한	han
ㄱ	+	ㅡ	+	ㄱ	=	극	guk

More on constructing words

A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "vertical vowel" is written with the consonant on the left and the vowel on the right
ㄴ + ㅏ = 나
n + a = na

A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "horizontal vowel" is written with the consonant on top and the vowel underneath:
ㅁ + ㅗ = 모
m + o = mo

If a syllable has a consonant, vowel, and consonant, the final consonant, called patch'im (meaning "supporting floor" in Korean) goes to the bottom -- or floor -- of that syllable.
ㅁ + ㅏ + ㄴ = 만
m + a + n = man

Basic lesson 4

Basics - Lesson 2 - Double Vowels

eir

ㅒ yeir

ㅔ ere

ㅖ yere

ㅘ wa

ㅙ where

ㅝ wo

ㅞ weo

ㅟ weou

ㅢ wei

In Korean there are basic vowels that you should take note of are the 10 basic vowels, these are ㅏ(a),ㅑ(ya),ㅓ(eo),ㅕ(yeo), ㅗ(o), ㅛ(yo), ㅜ(u), ㅠ(yu), ㅡ(eu), ㅣ(e).
In order to compose the double vowels, you would use a combination of these 10 basic vowels in order to compose of double vowels to create the 11 new double vowels, these are as above ㅐ(ae),ㅒ(yae), ㅔ(e), ㅖ(ye), ㅘ(wa), ㅙ(wae), ㅚ(oe), ㅝ(wo), ㅞ(weh), ㅟ(wui), ㅢ(ui). 

The exception to the combinations of double vowels are ㅙ and ㅞ. These are combined by adding ㅗ to ㅐand ㅜ to ㅔ.

 

Exercise 1
Using what you have learnt from the first 2 lessons write the following in Korean script.

• Hamkke
• Kayo
• Apateu
• Uri

Exercise 2
Now put the following Korean words into Konglish

• 어디야?
• 사랑해
• 나 배고파

Answers to exercise 1

1.함께, 2.가요,3.아파트 ,4.우리

Answers to exercise 2

1.eodiya, 2.salanghae,3.na baegopa

Basics lesson 3