Wednesday, July 24, 2019
Tuesday, July 23, 2019
Sunday, January 6, 2019
Lesson 9
Negative Copula
In Korean, when you are trying to say something is not something else, we use the negative copula anieyo. For instance, When saying 'A is not B', we would say :-
cho-nun songsaengnim-i anieyo ( I am not a teacher ).
hanguk hakkwa-ga anieyo ( Not the Korean department ).
cho-nun songsaengnim-i anieyo ( I am not a teacher ).
hanguk hakkwa-ga anieyo ( Not the Korean department ).
Answering questions with Yes and No in Korean
This is a tricky aspect of the Korean language, it is quite different to how we would speak in English.
For example: -
Question in English = "Do you like Korea ?"
Answer in English = "Yes I do like it" or "No i dont"
Answer in Korean = "No, I do like it" or "Yes i dont"
As you can see...it can be confusing at first, so you will need to think carefully.
For example: -
Question in English = "Do you like Korea ?"
Answer in English = "Yes I do like it" or "No i dont"
Answer in Korean = "No, I do like it" or "Yes i dont"
As you can see...it can be confusing at first, so you will need to think carefully.
Where is it?
When asking where something is in Korean, you would say (X-subject) odieyo?
However, it is also possible to say (X-subject)odi issoyo?
When answering a Where is question, you must always use issoyo as a verb such that:-
hakkyo-ga kogi issoyo ( the school is over there ).
However, it is also possible to say (X-subject)odi issoyo?
When answering a Where is question, you must always use issoyo as a verb such that:-
hakkyo-ga kogi issoyo ( the school is over there ).
Using Korean sentences with but....
We have previously seen that shillye hamnidaand the equivalent shillye-jiman mean "Excuse me,but" or "I'm Sorry, but...." .
There are lots of verbs where you may attach -jiman onto, here are a few of them:-
There are lots of verbs where you may attach -jiman onto, here are a few of them:-
| ka- ( go ) | ka-jiman ( goes, but .......) | ||
| ha- ( do ) | ha-jiman ( does,but......) | ||
| sa- ( buy ) | sa-jiman ( buys,but.....) | ||
| iss- ( is/are, have ) | it-jiman ( has,but....) | ||
| mashi- ( drink ) | mashi-jiman ( drinks,but.....) | ||
| mok- ( eat ) | mok-jiman ( eats, but.......) | ||
| anj- (sit ) | anj-jiman ( sits, but.....) |
Note that for the word iss-jiman the double ss is re-written to itjiman
Using polite requests
In Korean, the word chom is used to mean "please", however do not mistake it to mean the same as the English word for please for all occurances. For instance, when you use chomin a request immediately before the verb at the end of the sentence, it takes on the effect of please.
It is most frequently using in relation to chu-when making requests, for example
Han songsaengnim chom pakkwo-juseyo( Can I speak to Mr Han ), or you might use it in Soju chom chuseyo ( Please give me the Soju ). As you can see, chom may be used to soften up requests by making it more polite.
It is most frequently using in relation to chu-when making requests, for example
Han songsaengnim chom pakkwo-juseyo( Can I speak to Mr Han ), or you might use it in Soju chom chuseyo ( Please give me the Soju ). As you can see, chom may be used to soften up requests by making it more polite.
Sunday, November 25, 2018
Basics - Lesson 8 - More on Grammar Lesson
-hamnida and -jiman
In Korean, it is possible to add polite endings to verbs, for example, shillye hamnida (excuse me), which is comprised of the verb stem shille ha-, and the verb ending hamnida (note this is the formal style).
There is also the verb and stem, shillye-jiman(I'm sorry but....) which is a abbreviation of the verb and stemshillye ha-jiman , containing the ending -jiman which means but.
There is also the verb and stem, shillye-jiman(I'm sorry but....) which is a abbreviation of the verb and stemshillye ha-jiman , containing the ending -jiman which means but.
Asking a person
In Korean, there is a special verb which may be used in the event where you want to ask someone if they are someone.....for example "Are you Mr Han".
We would use -iseyo, and simply add this to the end of a phrase.
Han songsaengnim-iseyo? ( Are you Mr Han?)
Hangungmal songsaengnim-iseyo? (Are you the Korean Teacher?)
We would use -iseyo, and simply add this to the end of a phrase.
Han songsaengnim-iseyo? ( Are you Mr Han?)
Hangungmal songsaengnim-iseyo? (Are you the Korean Teacher?)
Subjects and topics of Korean sentences
In Korean, we attach -i to the end of nouns which end with consonants, or attach -ga to the end of nouns which end in a vowel. By doing this, it is possible to give emphasis, on subjects in sentences.
For example, songsaenim-i ( teacher ) or maekju-ga (beer) give emphasis on each of these subjects in a sentence.
For a sentence , "The man kissed the dog", the subject in this case would be The man.
On the other hand, when a subject is mentioned for the first time, the subject particle is used, but later on in a conversation, this is switched back to the topic particle.
The topic particle, is similar to that of the english "As for", and is best used in order to compare two things.
For example, as for me ( na-nun ), I love shopping
as for mum (ma-nun), she hates it.
For example, songsaenim-i ( teacher ) or maekju-ga (beer) give emphasis on each of these subjects in a sentence.
For a sentence , "The man kissed the dog", the subject in this case would be The man.
On the other hand, when a subject is mentioned for the first time, the subject particle is used, but later on in a conversation, this is switched back to the topic particle.
The topic particle, is similar to that of the english "As for", and is best used in order to compare two things.
For example, as for me ( na-nun ), I love shopping
as for mum (ma-nun), she hates it.
Basics - Lesson 4 - Grammar Lesson
Korean Names
In general, Korean names consist of 3 syllables.
The first part is the Surname ( such as Kim, Lee and Pak ), it is the followed by a two-syllable first name. In Korean, the surname always comes first which is opposite of Western Names such as Doojin Pak instead of the Korean method of Pak Doojin.
When you are referring to someone who you know well, then you may be able to refer to them directly, such as using their first name. However when youare introduced to someone to whom you are not familiar with, or am meeting for the first time, then you would add -ssi to the end of the name. An example of this would be Doojin-ssi
Making Polite Sentences
With verb stems which end in vowels such a ka-, ha- and sa- , it is possible to make these into polite sentences by adding -yo to the end of the words, such as Kayo ( which means "to go", or "I go" or "he goes" ). Verbs in the polite style can be used as statements, questions, suggestions or commands, and may be further emphasised by the tone of your voice. For example, Chal Chinaessoyo may be both expressed as a question by asking how someone is, or can be a question stating that you are fine. Another example is the more common Annyong Haseyo.
Basics - Lesson 3 - Use of Consonants and Vowels Lesson
Vowels in the korean languages may be attached to the left, right or beneath each other in order to form a word, the following are examples of their use : -
| κ° = ka | κ±° = keo | 겨 = kyeo |
| κ°Έ = kya | κΈ° = ki | κ³ = ko |
| λ° = pa | λ² = peo | λΆ = pu |
| λ΅€ = pyo | μ§ = chi | μ = cheo |
| μ¦ = chu | μ‘° = cho | λ§ = ma |
| λ¨Έ = meo | 무 = mo | λ = na |
| λ = neo | μ΄ = i | μΌ = ya |
| λ = ti | κ³ = ko | λ = tya |
| μ = yo | μ€ = o | λ = to |
| λ = tu | λ = too | κ·Έ = ku |
When constructing a word, you must add a mixture of consonants and vowels, beginning with the consonant at the beginning of the word. In some cases, there is no need to use a consonant at the beginning in which case γ (null character) is used.
| γ | + | γ | = | μ | a | ||
| γΉ | + | γ ‘ | + | γ | = | λ¦ | rum |
| γ± | + | γ | + | γ | = | κ° | kam |
| γ² | + | γ | + | γ | = | κΏ | kkoong |
| γ | + | γ | + | γ | = | μ· | ot |
| γ | + | γ | + | γ γ | = | μ | eop |
| γ² | + | γ | + | γ | = | κ½ | kkot |
| γ | + | γ | + | γ΄ | = | ν | han |
| γ± | + | γ ‘ | + | γ± | = | κ·Ή | guk |
More on constructing words
A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "vertical vowel" is written with the consonant on the left and the vowel on the right
γ΄ + γ = λ
n + a = na
γ΄ + γ = λ
n + a = na
A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "horizontal vowel" is written with the consonant on top and the vowel underneath:
γ + γ = λͺ¨
m + o = mo
γ + γ = λͺ¨
m + o = mo
If a syllable has a consonant, vowel, and consonant, the final consonant, called patch'im (meaning "supporting floor" in Korean) goes to the bottom -- or floor -- of that syllable.
γ + γ + γ΄ = λ§
m + a + n = man
γ + γ + γ΄ = λ§
m + a + n = man
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